|
Ernest Duchesne (30 May 1874 – 12 April 1912) was a French physician who noted that certain molds kill bacteria. He made this discovery 32 years before Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic properties of penicillin, a substance derived from those molds, but his research went unnoticed. ==Life and work== Duchesne entered ''l'Ecole du Service de Santé Militaire de Lyon'' (the Military Health Service School of Lyons) in 1894. Duchesne's thesis,〔(Duchesne 1897 ), Antagonism between molds and bacteria. An English translation by Michael Witty. Fort Myers, 2013. ASIN B00E0KRZ0E and B00DZVXPIK.〕 "Contribution à l’étude de la concurrence vitale chez les micro-organismes: antagonisme entre les moisissures et les microbes" (Contribution to the study of vital competition in micro-organisms: antagonism between molds and microbes), that he submitted in 1897 to get his doctorate degree, was the first study to consider the therapeutic capabilities of molds resulting from their anti-microbial activity. In Duchesne's landmark thesis, Duchesne begins testing the effect of tap water on mold finding mold is significantly diminished when exposed to French tap water. After detailing 19 different experiments, Duchesne concludes the presence of ''Penicillium glaucum'' inhibits bacterial growth: Immediately thereafter, Duchesne makes a tremendous leap and begins testing the response of guinea pigs, ''Cavia porcellus'', to highly virulent bacteria. In four experiments, Duchesne shows that administering ''Penicillium glaucum'' prevents the guinea pigs from dying. It is in Duchesne's fifth major conclusion, where he calls out this tremendous success using mold to combat bacteria and suggests additional study: This, while only weakly conclusive given the size of the experiments, proves Duchesne understood, concluded, and published information about the effect of the ''Penicillium glaucum'' mold as a therapeutic agent in animals. Because he was 23 and unknown, the Institut Pasteur did not even acknowledge receipt of his dissertation. He urged more research but unfortunately his army service after getting his degree prevented him from doing any further work. Therefore, neither Duchesne nor the Institut Pasteur capitalized on Duchesne's tremendous discovery and years later, Fleming received credit for his work with, ''Penicillium notatum'' and his isolation of Penicillin. Duchesne served a one-year internship at Val-de-Grâce before he was appointed a 2nd class Major of Medicine in the 2nd Regiment de Hussards de Senlis. In 1901, he married Rosa Lassalas from Cannes. She died 2 years later of tuberculosis. In 1904, Duchesne also contracted a serious chest disease, probably tuberculosis. Three years later, he was discharged from the army and sent to a sanatorium in Amélie-les-Bains. He died 12 April 1912, at age 37. Duchesne is buried next to his wife in the Cimetière du Grand Jas in Cannes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernest Duchesne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|